what aspects of nonwhites’ living conditions contribute to their poor health outcomes?
Tennessee fares worse than the national average on almost every key health metric. We are more than probable to suffer from most chronic diseases, more likely to die from the 10 leading causes of death, and more likely to written report our health is fair or poor than the average American. (one) (ii)
To empathise why, we accept to realize that health includes more than but health intendance . Enquiry shows in that location are four broad factors (other than genetics) that influence our health. (3) (four) (five)
- The Social and Economic Environment
- Health Behavior
- Clinical Intendance
- The Physical Environs
We call these influencing factors the drivers of health. While the percentages may vary from study to written report, inquiry shows that some drivers have more than influence on health than others. (4) Another term for the drivers of wellness is the social determinants of health.
To encounter how your area of Tennessee fares on the drivers of health, check out our county health profiles.
The Social & Economic Environs
The social and economical environment includes things like education, jobs, income, and social support. Our social and economic environments affect whether we have admission to a quality pedagogy, job opportunities, safe neighborhoods, social back up, and salubrious foods. All of these factors influence wellness. In fact, a person's education and income are the greatest predictors of their health. (5) Individuals with higher levels of instruction and income tend to live longer, healthier lives. (6) (7) This relationship exists at both the individual and community level. (8) People who live in wealthy, highly-educated communities are more likely to be in improve wellness and live longer than those who do not.
Health Beliefs
Our health behaviors are the choices we make that affect the length and quality of our lives. Some of the most pregnant wellness behaviors are smoking, concrete activeness, and nutrition. (4) All iii affect a person's adventure for developing diabetes, cardiovascular illness, cancer, obesity, and other chronic illnesses. (ix) Behavioral change in these iii areas can seriously affect our health outcomes and quality of life. While health behaviors are a personal choice, our environments can encourage or discourage certain behaviors.
Clinical Intendance
Clinical intendance refers to any interaction with the health intendance organization, ranging from preventive activities similar vaccines and screenings to the treatment of particular diseases and weather. It tin occur in a variety of settings, including outpatient clinics, hospitals, public health departments, long-term care facilities, and in some cases our own homes. Constructive health care is accessible, affordable, timely, and loftier quality. (10)
The Physical Environment
The physical environment encompasses the natural and congenital environments — including transportation systems, buildings, and public resource. (xi) People's school, work, and abode environments have a direct upshot on their health and also influence their wellness behaviors. (12) For example, access to sidewalks, parks and playgrounds offer opportunities for physical action, while exposure to pollution or dangerous drinking water contributes to health conditions like asthma and waterborne illness.
Connections Between the Drivers of Health
The drivers of wellness are complex and interconnected. Each one can influence the other drivers in addition to our overall health. For case, a person'south economic means and environment can encourage or discourage salubrious behaviors. The drivers' effects on wellness tin can besides accumulate over time.
All our piece of work on the drivers of health is available here. Examples that dig deeper into the complex relationships between the drivers of wellness and health outcomes include:
How Transportation Impacts Public Health
(February 21, 2017) Summarizes existing research on how transportation systems can affect health and well-being, both straight and indirectly.
The Health and Housing Connection – How Affordability and Quality Contribute to Health Outcomes
(Apr 20, 2017) Discusses what the inquiry says about the connection betwixt affordable, quality housing and health and provides relevant housing data for Tennessee.
5 Ways Public Policy Impacts Health
(May 4, 2017) An introductory discussion of how different areas of public policy can bear upon the drivers of health and ultimately health outcomes.
Food Insecurity and Obesity in Tennessee: Understanding the Paradox
(May 16, 2017) Explores the links between the two conditions and what they mean for wellness and well-being in our state.
How Childhood Experiences Impact Lifelong Wellness
(July 5, 2017) Looks at the science of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), their wellness and economic impact, the prevalence of ACEs in Tennessee, and what our state is doing about it.
How Didactics Influences Health in Tennessee
(December 21, 2017) Explains the mutually influential relationship between wellness and educational activity.
How Socioeconomic Factors Touch Wellness in Tennessee
(June half-dozen, 2018) Explores the complicated relationship between income, wealth, education, social standing, and health outcomes.
What About Genetics?
Obviously, genetics also play a role in the health of individuals and the populations to which they belong. (3) (4) (5) Some of united states have genes that make usa more susceptible to certain diseases. Other genes may affect our propensity for physical activity, and so along. What separates genetics from the 4 drivers of health discussed above, however, is the directly influence of public policy and the availability of data.
"Public policy" refers to the system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action (or inaction), and funding priorities implemented by a government entity or its representatives. These levers of public policy have tremendous influence on our social and economical environments, our health behaviors, our clinical care, and our physical environments. Technological breakthroughs and a deeper understanding of "epigenetics" (i.eastward. how genetics are impacted by environments and experiences) are bringing the subject of genetics closer to the realm of public policy. However, data on genetics are non routinely collected or publicly available.
- U.Southward. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2016 Behavioral Chance Factor Surveillance System. [Online] 2017. Accessed via https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/.
- —. Underlying Cause of Expiry 1999-2016.WONDER Online Database.[Online] December 2017. Accessed via http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html.
- U.Due south. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Recommendations for the Framework and Format of Healthy People 2020.The Secretary'due south Advisory Commission on National Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Objectives for 2020. .[Online] Oct 28, 2008. https://world wide web.healthypeople.gov/sites/default/files/PhaseI_0.pdf.
- McGovern, Laura, Miller, George and Hughes-Cromwick, Paul. Health Policy Brief: The Relative Contributions of Multiple Determinants to Health Outcomes.Wellness Affairs.[Online] August 21, 2014. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/ten.1377/hpb20140821.404487/full/.
- Woolf, Steven H., et al. The Health of u.s.: Summary Report.Center on Guild and Health at Virginia Democracy University and Urban Plant.[Online] October 2016. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/health-states/view/full_report.
- Goldman, Dana and Smith, James P. The Increasing Value of Education to Health.Social Science & Medicine.[Online] May 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119491/pdf/nihms295273.pdf.
- Woolf, Steven H., et al. How are Income and Wealth Linked to Health and Longevity.Heart on Society and Wellness at Virginia Republic University and Urban Institute.[Online] April 2015. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/49116/2000178-How-are-Income-and-Wealth-Linked-to-Health-and-Longevity.pdf.
- Galea, Sandro, et al. Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the U.s.a..American Journal of Public Health.[Online] August 2011. https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134519/.
- Mozaffarian, Dariush, et al. Population Approaches to Improve Nutrition, Physical Activity and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement from the American Center Association.American Center Association.[Online] September xviii, 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3881293/.
- Gulliford, Martin, et al. What Does 'Access to Health Care' Mean?Journal of Wellness Services Research & Policy.[Online] July 1, 2012. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1258/135581902760082517.
- Northridge, Mary E., Sclar, Elliot D. and Biswas, Padmini. Sorting Out the Connections Between the Built Environment and Health: A Conceptual Framework for Navigating Pathways and Planning Healthy Cities.Journal of Urban Health.[Online] December 2003. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3456215/.
- The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Overcoming Obstacles to Wellness. [Online] Feb 2008. https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2008/rwjf22441.
Source: https://www.sycamoreinstitutetn.org/drivers-of-health/
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